Method of Making Section Preparations
Section method is a method of making preparations by means of fixation (depending on material) plant took longer effective ± 3 days. Section method is a method by means of thin meniris on preparations to be made. In principle there are three kinds of slices by cutting areas, namely:a. Transverse slices (cross sections, usually abbreviated to cs or xs) is sliced with a direction perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the object.b. Sliced lengthwise (longitudinal section, usually abbreviated to ls) adalh slices parallel to the horizontal axis of the object.1. Radial longitudinal slices: if preparations were sliced perpendicular to the axis of the organ.2. Tangential longitudinal slices: if the direction of the cut does not pass through the axis of the organ but only parallel to the axis of the organ. Actually understanding is parallel to the outer surface of a plant.3. For the trunk of the plant such as a square-shaped cross section so that the cat's whiskers sliced lengthwise cross-section through the axis is called the diagonal longitude.4. For materials such as castor beans that have a symmetric field, then the cross-sectional longitudinal cross-sectional slice through the axis is called the median longitude.c. Middle slices (median section, usually abbreviated med.atau m.) is sliced parallel to or perpendicular to the center of an object.Making slice preparation (section preparation) is aimed at objects both large and thick vegetation and animals, so that tissue and the cells can be seen under the microscope, it should be thinned with a road cut into small sections and thin. Some materials such as small twigs, the tip of the stem that is still easy, can be cut or sliced into pieces thin enough to use a razor or razor blade. These materials are not as strong as leaves, roots and tissues of animals in order to cut thin should be supported with a cork, paraffin or other materials.To obtain a sufficiently thin slices in accordance with the desired, use a slicer that can cut tissue micron in size. To be sliced with a microtome then the object or the network must first be infiltrated and blocked with paraffin.Microtome is a machine for slicing of biological specimens into very thin sections for microscopic examination. Some microtome using a steel knife incision and used to prepare animal or plant tissue in histology. Some use of microtome:Some use of microtome:a. For light microscopy, the material first fixed and frozen or embedded in paraffin. Sections as thick as 30-20 mm are usually cut with a steel blade.b. For electron microscopy, fixation followed by embedding in resin as Araldine (R), sections cut with glass knives or diamond knives ultramikrotom thick as 200-100 nm.One type of microtome microtome hand, a hand microtome microtome with the simplest form. These devices are commonly used in school laboratories to make a very thin slice specimens (approximately 20), that can be viewed under a microscope. For example incision leaves, stems, roots, etc.
Thursday, August 11, 2011
Method of Making squash Preparations
Method of Making squash Preparations
Squash method is a method of making preparations with the cover glass is pressed on. Example: onion root tip mitosis. The process of making preparations with the method of squash at the root of the onion
a. Preparation phase
1. Perform root growth of onion in a plastic cup containing water for 1 week, by piercing the center of the onion horizontally so that only the roots are touching the water.
2. Cut the roots at the lower end of the evening at 00:00 to 00:15, because at the time that the cells in onion root meristems are actively dividing.
3. Cutting the root length of 1 cm from the tip.
4. Soaking the roots in a bottle filled with a solution ampoule FAA.
5. Close the bottle tightly with plastic ampoules and tied securely.
b. Implementation phase
1. Taking a piece of onion root tip of ampoule bottles by using tweezers.
2. Moving into a watch glass.
3. Adding 70% alcohol and let it soak for 2 minutes.
4. Alcohol 70% smoked paper with suction.
5. Adding 1N HCL solution and soak for 5 minutes.
6. Cut off the tip (the root cap) and placed on glass objects.
7. Drops with a solution of the dye solution acetocarmin seebagai.
8. Chopping with a rusty razor blade and closed with a cover glass.
9. Skipping over the light spirits.
10. Crushing / pressing with your thumb or the tip of a blunt pencil.
11. Observing the preparations under the microscope.
Squash method is a method of making preparations with the cover glass is pressed on. Example: onion root tip mitosis. The process of making preparations with the method of squash at the root of the onion
a. Preparation phase
1. Perform root growth of onion in a plastic cup containing water for 1 week, by piercing the center of the onion horizontally so that only the roots are touching the water.
2. Cut the roots at the lower end of the evening at 00:00 to 00:15, because at the time that the cells in onion root meristems are actively dividing.
3. Cutting the root length of 1 cm from the tip.
4. Soaking the roots in a bottle filled with a solution ampoule FAA.
5. Close the bottle tightly with plastic ampoules and tied securely.
b. Implementation phase
1. Taking a piece of onion root tip of ampoule bottles by using tweezers.
2. Moving into a watch glass.
3. Adding 70% alcohol and let it soak for 2 minutes.
4. Alcohol 70% smoked paper with suction.
5. Adding 1N HCL solution and soak for 5 minutes.
6. Cut off the tip (the root cap) and placed on glass objects.
7. Drops with a solution of the dye solution acetocarmin seebagai.
8. Chopping with a rusty razor blade and closed with a cover glass.
9. Skipping over the light spirits.
10. Crushing / pressing with your thumb or the tip of a blunt pencil.
11. Observing the preparations under the microscope.
Method of Making Marserasi Methods Preparations
Method of Making Marserasi Methods Preparations
Marserasi method is a method of making preparations to separate the fibers from hardwood trees. Making preparations maceration aims to see a picture of the forms of plant cells. The way is by separating the cells making up antarselnya. If you've determined what materials are used in the maceration process is then the material should be boiled with water first until soft and then boiled again with 10% KOH which are compounds useful as maseran pectin which separates the cells.
Stalks of plants are always used in the maceration process it because the stems of plants is more varied in cell shape but it is also more easily made when compared with animal cells. Trunk of the plant also has a distinctive shape in the image of its constituent networks. So, this maceration method is more suitable when used in cell or plant tissue when compared with cells or tissues in animals.
Marserasi method is a method of making preparations to separate the fibers from hardwood trees. Making preparations maceration aims to see a picture of the forms of plant cells. The way is by separating the cells making up antarselnya. If you've determined what materials are used in the maceration process is then the material should be boiled with water first until soft and then boiled again with 10% KOH which are compounds useful as maseran pectin which separates the cells.
Stalks of plants are always used in the maceration process it because the stems of plants is more varied in cell shape but it is also more easily made when compared with animal cells. Trunk of the plant also has a distinctive shape in the image of its constituent networks. So, this maceration method is more suitable when used in cell or plant tissue when compared with cells or tissues in animals.
Method of Making Smear Preparations
Method of Making Smear Preparations
Topical method (smear method) is a way to make preparations by greasing or create a thin membrane of material in the form of liquid or not liquid on glass objects. This method can be used for the manufacture of preparations of blood, pus red bone marrow, oral mucosa, and vaginal mucosa (for knowing a pregnant animal or not), plants sekulen. Here is one example of a method of making preparations commentator smear of blood.Materials used: human blood, 70% ethanol, methanol, gemsa solution of 3% in methanol, cold distilled water previously boiled, entellan. The tools used are glass objects and glass cover, pipettes, needles Franke, tissue, like coloring. Manufacturing process is done by:a. Prepare a clean glass objects in accordance with the desired amount.b. Take the blood from the fingertip to - 3, 4, or 5 with piercing using needles previously Franke either fingertip or a needle was swabbed first with 70% ethanol.c. Discard the first drop of blood out of his fingertips, and use of blood drops the second, third and so on.d. The blood drops on a glass object, then quickly and carefully dab the blood by means of other glass objects. A good basting angle is 45o and when basting quickly in order to obtain a thin smear.e. Let the results of the blood smear to dry in the air, then fiksasilah with methanol for 5 minutes, by immersing the glass objects that have had blood smeared into the container (staining jar) which already contain methanol.f. Let dry preparations in the air once again, by putting a glass object in a standing position like a tilt in staining. After drying on the back sleeping position with the surface containing the spread on the top surface.g. Tetesi entire surface of topical preparations with 3% Giemsa dye solution and let stand for 30-40 minutes or longer.h. Wash with cold distilled wateri. Let dry again topical preparations in the air.j. Tetesi earlier with entellan topical preparations, especially on the smear of blood that is estimated to cells was evident, and immediately after hatching entellan, cover the last with a glass cover.k. Check if at the time of closure there were air bubbles, if there is then remove the bubbles were first by pressing the cover glass with a needle.l. Allow to dry, and so the average can be weighted down with ballast, and the label on the glass object is empty.3. Methods MarserasiMarserasi method is a method of making preparations to separate the fibers from hardwood trees. Making preparations maceration aims to see a picture of the forms of plant cells. The way is by separating the cells making up antarselnya. If you've determined what materials are used in the maceration process is then the material should be boiled with water first until soft and then boiled again with 10% KOH which are compounds useful as maseran pectin which separates the cells.Stalks of plants are always used in the maceration process it because the stems of plants is more varied in cell shape but it is also more easily made when compared with animal cells. Trunk of the plant also has a distinctive shape in the image of its constituent networks. So, this maceration method is more suitable when used in cell or plant tissue when compared with cells or tissues in animals.
Topical method (smear method) is a way to make preparations by greasing or create a thin membrane of material in the form of liquid or not liquid on glass objects. This method can be used for the manufacture of preparations of blood, pus red bone marrow, oral mucosa, and vaginal mucosa (for knowing a pregnant animal or not), plants sekulen. Here is one example of a method of making preparations commentator smear of blood.Materials used: human blood, 70% ethanol, methanol, gemsa solution of 3% in methanol, cold distilled water previously boiled, entellan. The tools used are glass objects and glass cover, pipettes, needles Franke, tissue, like coloring. Manufacturing process is done by:a. Prepare a clean glass objects in accordance with the desired amount.b. Take the blood from the fingertip to - 3, 4, or 5 with piercing using needles previously Franke either fingertip or a needle was swabbed first with 70% ethanol.c. Discard the first drop of blood out of his fingertips, and use of blood drops the second, third and so on.d. The blood drops on a glass object, then quickly and carefully dab the blood by means of other glass objects. A good basting angle is 45o and when basting quickly in order to obtain a thin smear.e. Let the results of the blood smear to dry in the air, then fiksasilah with methanol for 5 minutes, by immersing the glass objects that have had blood smeared into the container (staining jar) which already contain methanol.f. Let dry preparations in the air once again, by putting a glass object in a standing position like a tilt in staining. After drying on the back sleeping position with the surface containing the spread on the top surface.g. Tetesi entire surface of topical preparations with 3% Giemsa dye solution and let stand for 30-40 minutes or longer.h. Wash with cold distilled wateri. Let dry again topical preparations in the air.j. Tetesi earlier with entellan topical preparations, especially on the smear of blood that is estimated to cells was evident, and immediately after hatching entellan, cover the last with a glass cover.k. Check if at the time of closure there were air bubbles, if there is then remove the bubbles were first by pressing the cover glass with a needle.l. Allow to dry, and so the average can be weighted down with ballast, and the label on the glass object is empty.3. Methods MarserasiMarserasi method is a method of making preparations to separate the fibers from hardwood trees. Making preparations maceration aims to see a picture of the forms of plant cells. The way is by separating the cells making up antarselnya. If you've determined what materials are used in the maceration process is then the material should be boiled with water first until soft and then boiled again with 10% KOH which are compounds useful as maseran pectin which separates the cells.Stalks of plants are always used in the maceration process it because the stems of plants is more varied in cell shape but it is also more easily made when compared with animal cells. Trunk of the plant also has a distinctive shape in the image of its constituent networks. So, this maceration method is more suitable when used in cell or plant tissue when compared with cells or tissues in animals.
Method of Making Whole Mount Preparations
Method of Making Whole Mount Preparations Whole mount is a method of making preparations that will be observed with a microscope with no prior presence of the cutting process. So in this method, the preparation is observed that intact preparations either in the form of cells, tissues, organs and individuals. Images produced by whole-mount preparations is seen in intact form as when the organism is still alive so that observations can be made only limited to the morphology in general terms. Plants were observed to be small so it can fit on the glass object. While on a rather large plant can be done trimming (pruning) in order to become more neat and small. Examples of plants used to make preparations using the whole-mount preparations are moss, sorry spikes, leaves with trikoma and leaves with stomata. Poses of making whole-mount preparations in the moss plant that is first conducted the selection of individual moss which will be observed as much as ± 5 individuals. This is done as a repetition of each treatment so that if at one loop there are procedural errors, can be avoided by looping the other. Selection is based on the morphology of moss that is still intact vegetative and generative structures that can be observed that there are differences in the two structures. After the selection of individuals, then the moss is placed in FAA fixative solution. This treatment aims to kill the moss and fix the structure contained on the moss so that the structure does not change significantly after the moss is turned off. After fixed for ± 1 hour, then moss is washed 3 times using aquades. Then inserted into the moss Xylol solution. It aims to eliminate the remnants of fixative solution remaining on the outside of the body moss. Then the mold is transferred into a solution of hematoxylin dye, tryphan blue-lactophenol solution to provide color contrast is more apparent on the body parts of moss which will be observed. Then the moss was incubated for 2 days at room temperature to give sufficient time and temperature so the dye solution can really get into the body (tissue) mold. Moss then dehydrated in a series of alcohol 15%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 85%, 90%, 95%, absolute alcohol to remove the remnants of the liquid contained in the body of moss that is feared could be a bacterial growth substrate so that the moss becomes rot before observed. After the moss was transferred onto a glass object that has been smeared with a solution that serves as an adhesive Hoyer. In order to facilitate observation, Hoyer himself useful adhesive to attach the moss on the object and cover glass so that the observed object can not move cultivated at the time of the adhesive Hoyer there is no air bubbles that would interfere in the process of observation. After that Whole mount preparations are finished, ready to be observed under the microscope.
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